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九、词根 -val，-vail =worth 价值；strong：厚实

available [əˈveɪləb(ə)l] adj. 能找到的；可取得的；有空的；幽闲的 623

助记：

      a (加强口吻) +vail (=value=worth：价值) +able (不错) →有价值→可利用的，现成的 (= at one’s disposal：任由某东谈主处理，使用) 

释义和用法：

      If something you want or need is available, you can find it or obtain it. 能找到的；可取得的

      Someone who is available is not busy and is therefore free to talk to you or to do a particular task.有空的；有暇的

搭配：

      options available (考)：可有的聘任

      facilities available (考)：可用的缔造

写稿例句：

      在昔时的几年内，中国东谈主民积蓄了雄伟的财富，因此也有更多可用的钱去买想要的数字化产物。

      Within the past few years, people in China have experienced a great wealth accumulation and therefore have more money available to afford the digital products desired.

avail [əˈveɪl] vi. 有用，有益 14789

词源：

      c. 1300, availen, “to help (someone), assist; benefit, be profitable to; be for the advantage of; have force or efficacy, serve for a purpose,” apparently an Anglo-French compound of Old French a- “to”(see ad-)+vaill-, present stem of valoir “be worth,” from Latin valere “be strong, be worth”(from PIE root *wal- “to be strong”). Related: Availed; availing. As a noun, from c. 1400.

释义和用法：

      (formal,or old-fashioned) to be helpful or useful to sb.有匡助；有益；有用

      If you do something to no avail or to little avail, what you do fails to achieve what you want.绝不消处；没效率

      If you avail yourself of an offer or an opportunity, you accept the offer or make use of the opportunity. 选择 (提议) ；利用 (契机) 

例句：

      Guests should feel at liberty to avail themselves of your facilities.

      来宾们应该不错省略使用你们的多样交替。

availability [əˌveɪləˈbɪlətɪ] n. 可用性；有用性；实用性 4835

worth [wɜ:θ] adj. 值……的 n. 价值；意念念 1360

释义和用法：

      If something is worth a particular amount of money, it can be sold for that amount or is considered to have that value. 价值；值……钱

      If you say that something is worth having, you mean that it is pleasant or useful, and therefore a good thing to have. 值得 (领有) 

      If something is worth a particular action, or if an action is worth doing, it is considered to be important enough for that action. 具有 (某一滑动) 的价值；值得 (作念) 

      Someone’s worth is the value, usefulness, or importance that they are considered to have. (某东谈主的) 价值，意念念，伏击性

例句：

      Their contribution was of great worth.

      他们的孝顺具有伟大的意念念。

worthy [ˈwə:ði] adj. 有价值的；值得的；可尊敬的；应该取得……的 5165

释义和用法：

      If a person or thing is worthy of something, they deserve it because they have the qualities or abilities required. 值得……的；应该取得……的

      A worthy person or thing is approved of by most people in society and considered to be morally respectable or correct. 值得尊敬的；可敬的；令东谈主嘉赞的

搭配：

      be worthy of (考)：值得

      worthy of admiration and respect (考)：值得防御和尊重

worthless [ˈwə:θlɪs] adj. 无价值的；不值钱的；一无是处的 9042

释义和用法：

      Something that is worthless is of no real value or use. 无价值的；不值钱的；没用处的

      Someone who is described as worthless is considered to have no good qualities or skills. 一无是处的；不顶用的

举例：

      You feel you really are completely worthless and unlovable.

      你会以为我方确切毫无价值，极少也不讨东谈主可爱。

worthwhile [wɜ:θˈwaɪl] adj. 值得作念的，值得花时代的 7072

助记：

      worth (值得) +while (一忽儿，时代) →值得花时代的，值得作念的

释义和用法：

      If something is worthwhile, it is enjoyable or useful, and worth the time, money, or effort that is spent on it. 有价值的；令东谈主舒心的；值得破耗时代 (或财富，元气心灵) 的

举例：

      a worthwhile movie that was compelling enough to watch again...

      荒谬眩惑东谈主，值得再看一遍的精彩影片……

unworthy [ʌnˈwɜ:ðɪ] adj. 不值得的；配不上的；不十分的 15223

释义和用法：

      If a person or thing is unworthy of something good, they do not deserve it. 不值得的；配不上的

举例：

      He felt unworthy of being married to such an attractive woman.

      他以为我方不配娶这样迷东谈主的女东谈主

释义和用法：

      If you say that an action is unworthy of someone, you mean that it is not a nice thing to do and someone with their reputation or position should not do it. 不十分的；与 (某东谈主) 身份不相符的

举例：

      His accusations are unworthy of a prime minister.

      他的指责与其首相身份不十分。

noteworthy [ˈnəʊtwɜ:ðɪ] adj. 显赫的；值得隆重的 9678

释义和用法：

A fact or event that is noteworthy is interesting, remarkable, or significant in some way. 值得隆重的；显赫的；意念念的

举例：It is noteworthy that the programme has been shifted from its original August slot to July.

值得隆重的是该节目已从正本8月份的档期换到了7月份。

slot [slɒt] n.（时代表，探讨中的）时段，位置；（机器或容器上的）狭缝，狭孔 4986

A slot in a schedule or scheme is a place in it where an activity can take place. (时代表，探讨中的) 时段，位置

举例：The first episode occupies a peak evening viewing slot.

第一集占据了傍晚的一个黄金收视时段。

A slot is a narrow opening in a machine or container, for example a hole that you put coins in to make a machine work. (机器或容器上的) 狭缝，狭孔

举例：He dropped a coin into the slot and dialed.

他往投币孔里投了一枚硬币，然后拨了电话。

self-worth [ˈself ˈwə:θ] n. 自我价值感 16288

释义和用法：

Self-worth is the feeling that you have good qualities and have achieved good things. 自我价值感

举例：Try not to link your sense of self-worth to the opinions of others.

尽量不要把你的自我价值感和别东谈主的意见相干起来。

trustworthy [ˈtrʌs(t)wɜ:ðɪ] adj. 真正赖的；可靠的 13466

释义和用法：

A trustworthy person is reliable, responsible, and can be trusted completely. 真正赖的；值得相信的；可靠的

举例：He is a trustworthy and level-headed leader.

他是个头脑稳定，值得相信的带领。

level-headed [ˈlevl ˈhedɪd] adj. 头脑稳定的；得当的 171

If you describe a person as level-headed, you mean that they are calm and sensible even in difficult situations. 头脑稳定的；得当的

prevail [prɪˈveɪl] vi. 盛行，流行；占优势；占优势；告捷 4795

助记：

      pre (以前) +vail (=power，strong：实力，力量) →以前有实力，势力→“盛”极一时→盛行，流行；占优势

词源：

      c. 1400, “be successful; be efficacious,” from Old French prevaleir (Modern French prévaloir) and directly from Latin praevalere “be stronger, have greater power,” from prae “before”(see pre-)+valere “have power, be strong”(from PIE root *wal- “to be strong”). Spelling in English perhaps influenced by avail. Related: Prevailed; prevailing.

释义和用法：

      If a proposal, principle, or opinion prevails, it gains influence or is accepted, often after a struggle or argument. (提议，原则，不雅点) 占优势，占优势，告捷，被选择

举例：

      We hope that common sense would prevail...

      咱们但愿情搭理占优势。

释义和用法：

      If a situation, attitude, or custom prevails in a particular place at a particular time, it is normal or most common in that place at that time. (情形，魄力，民风) 盛行，流行，大批

举例：

      A similar situation prevails in America

      一样的情况在好意思国遍地可见……

释义和用法：

      If one side in a battle, contest, or dispute prevails, it wins. (在往来，竞赛，争论中) 告捷，取胜

举例：

      I do hope he will prevail over the rebels.

      我如实但愿他能治服叛乱者。

prevailing [prɪˈveɪlɪŋ] adj. 一般的，平常的；盛行的；（风）常刮的 6883

释义和用法：

existing or most common at a particular time 大批的；盛行的；流行的；

举例：the attitude towards science prevailing at the time

其时对科学的流行观念

例句：The prevailing view seems to be that they will find her guilty.

一般东谈主的观念似乎认为她会被判有罪。

释义和用法：

      The prevailing wind in an area is the one that blows over it most frequently. (指风) 一地区常刮的，盛行的

搭配：

      a prevailing trend (考)：一个流行的趋势

prevalent [ˈprev(ə)l(ə)nt] adj. 流行的；盛行的；大批的 7094

助记：

      pre (以前) +val (=power：力量，实力) +ent (态状词后缀) →以前有权有势的眷属→“盛”极一时的，盛行的，流行的

释义和用法：

a condition, practice, or belief that is prevalent is common 流行的；盛行的；大批的

举例：Smoking is becoming increasingly prevalent among younger women...

吸烟在年青女性中变得越来越常见……

搭配：

      prevalent myths (考)：盛行的听说

写稿例句：如今，糜费景象在大学里荒谬流行，况兼很严重。

Nowadays, waste is quite prevalent and serious on campus.

prevalence [ˈprevələns] n. 流行；大批；粗鄙 7589

value [ˈvælju:] n. 价值；伏击性 vt. 嗜好；珍视；给……估价 500

释义和用法：

The value of something such as a quality, attitude, or method is its importance or usefulness. If you place a particular value on something, that is the importance or usefulness you think it has. 伏击性；有用性；益处

If you value something or someone, you think that they are important and you appreciate them. 认为……伏击；嗜好；珍视

举例：If you value your health then you’ll start being a little kinder to yourself.

淌若你嗜好我方的健康，你就要运转对我方好极少。

When experts value something, they decide how much money it is worth. 

给……估价；给……订价

举例：I asked him if he would have my jewellery valued for insurance purposes...

我问他能否给我的珠宝进行保障估价……

values [ˈvæljuz] n. 价值不雅；谈德圭表 50124

释义和用法：

The values of a person or group are the moral principles and beliefs that they think are important. 价值不雅；谈德圭表

举例：The countries of South Asia also share many common values.

南亚列国也有许多相易的价值不雅。

搭配：

      conventional values (考)：传统的价值不雅

valued [ˈvælju:d] adj. 可贵的；宝贵的；经估价的；伏击的 15704

valuable [ˈvæljʊəb(ə)l] adj. 可贵的；有价值的；可估价的 2628

释义和用法：

If you describe something or someone as valuable, you mean that they are very useful and helpful. 有价值的；有益的；有用的

举例：If you decide to do you own make-up, here are a few valuable tips that will help you look your best.

淌若你决定我方化妆，这里有一些有用的小决窍，不错匡助你呈现最好意思的一面。

Valuable objects are objects which are worth a lot of money. 可贵的；值钱的

举例：Just because a camera is old does not mean it is valuable.

古旧的相机不一定就值钱。

valuation [væljʊˈeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 缱绻；评价，估价 11129

释义和用法：

A valuation is a judgment that someone makes about how much money something is worth. 估价；估值

举例：an independent valuation of the company

一份对这家公司的零丁评估

value-added [ˌvæljuˈædɪd] adj. 升值的 18244

搭配：

      a value-added tax 升值税

undervalue [ʌndəˈvælju:] vt. 低估……之价值；鄙视 18722

助记：

      under (够不上；不够) +value (臆测；估值) →低估了价值；鄙视

释义和用法：

If you undervalue something or someone, you fail to recognize how valuable or important they are. 低估；鄙视；小看

举例：We must never undervalue freedom.

咱们决不可低估解放的价值。

devalue [di:ˈvælju:] vt. 使贬值；镌汰……的价值 14343

助记：

      de (=down：着落) +value (价值) →价值着落→贬值；指责

释义和用法：

To devalue something means to cause it to be thought less impressive or less deserving of respect. 镌汰……的价值；指责

举例：They spread tales about her in an attempt to devalue her work...

他们漫衍一些相干她的滥调，企图指责她的职责……

释义和用法：

      To devalue the currency of a country means to reduce its value in relation to other currencies. 使 (货币) 贬值

举例：India has devalued the Rupee by about eleven percent.

印度已将卢比贬值了约11%。

devaluation [ˌdi:væljʊˈeɪʃən] n. 货币贬值 15794

evaluate [ɪˈvæljʊeɪt] vt. 评价；估价；求……的值 2360

助记：

      e (=ex：出来) +valu (=value：价值) +ate (使动词) →使价值弄出来→评价，评估

释义和用法：

If you evaluate something or someone, you consider them in order to make a judgment about them, for example about how good or bad they are. 评估；评价

举例：The market situation is difficult to evaluate.

商场景况难以评价。

考题：

      Boasting a print of 995,000 on weekdays and 1.4 million on Sundays, The New York Times is the third bestselling American newspaper, behind the Wall Street Journal and USA Today.

      A．evaluation B．expansion C．circulation D．dimension

通晓：

      原文翻译“《纽约时报》是好意思国刊行量第三的报纸，仅次于《华尔街日报》和《当天好意思国》。他们声遵法责日不错发售995000份报纸，周日可发售140万份。”故选C circulation：运动，刊行；A：评估；B：膨大；D：维，尺寸

evaluation [ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn] n. 评价；估价；评估；求值 2374

evaluative [ɪˈvæljʊˌetɪv] adj. 评价的；评估的 17728

evaluator [iˈvæljueitə] n. 评估员；[计]鉴识器；求值门径 16498

释义和用法：

      an authority who is able to estimate worth or quality

re-evaluate [ˈri:ɪˈvæljʊeɪt] vt. 再评估；再估价 13301

equivalent [ɪˈkwɪv(ə)l(ə)nt] adj. 等价的，荒谬的 n. 等价物；等量物；对应者4377

助记：

      equi (=equal：相易，等) +val (价值) ＋ent→等价的，等同的

释义和用法：

equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc. (价值，数目，意念念，伏击性等) 荒谬的，相易的

If one amount or value is the equivalent of another, they are the same. 等价物；等量物

The equivalent of someone or something is a person or thing that has the same function (功能) in a different place, time, or system. 对应物；对应者

搭配：

      be equivalent to (考)：等价于，等同于

例句：Lighting eats up 20 percent of the world’s electricity, or the equivalent of roughly 600,000 tons of coal a day.

照明用电铺张了群众总电量的20%，相当于每天铺张大略60万吨煤。

equivalence [ɪˈkwɪv(ə)l(ə)ns] n. 等值；荒谬 18776

valid [ˈvælɪd] adj. 方正的；有用的，有根据的 4758

词源：

1570s, “having force in law, legally binding,” from Middle French valide (16c.), from Latin validus “strong, effective, powerful, active,” from valere “be strong”(from PIE root *wal- “to be strong”). The meaning “sufficiently supported by facts or authority, well-grounded” is first recorded 1640s.

助记：

      val (=strong，force：力量，效用) +id (的) → (在法律上) 有用力的→有用的，方正的

释义和用法：

If a ticket or other document is valid, it can be used and will be accepted by people in authority. (票证等) 有用的

举例：For foreign holidays you will need a valid passport.

放洋度假需持有用护照。

A valid argument, comment, or idea is based on sensible reasoning. 有根据的；方正的；合理的

举例：They put forward many valid reasons for not exporting.

他们提议了好多不出口的方正情理。

validate [ˈvælɪdeɪt] vt. 使收效；证实；阐述 7647

助记：

      valid (有用的) +ate (动词后缀，使) →使收效

释义和用法：

to make sth legally valid 使收效；使有法律效用。

举例：to validate a contract

使公约收效

释义和用法：

      To validate something such as a claim or statement means to prove or confirm that it is true or correct. 证实；确证；阐述

举例：

      How that evidence was evaluated and validated by historians...

历史学家怎样评估和阐述该字据……

validation [ˌvælɪˈdeɪʃən] n. 证实；阐述；收效 11150

validity [vəˈlɪdɪtɪ] n. 有用性；正确性；真正性 4593

助记：

      valid (有用) +ity (名词后缀) →有用性；正确性

释义和用法：

the state of being legally or officially acceptable (法律上的) 有用，正当性；(得当的) 认同

The validity of something such as a result or a piece of information is whether it can be trusted or believed. 方正(性)；正确(性)；真正(性)

举例：Shocked by the results of the elections, they now want to challenge the validity of the vote.

选举扫尾令他们很惊骇，他们当今要对选举的真正性/正当性提议质疑。

We had doubts about the validity of their argument.

咱们对他们的论点的正确性有过怀疑。

invalid [ˈɪnvəlɪd; ɪnˈvælɪd] adj. 无效的；作废的；站不住脚的 n. 病东谈主；伤残者 19968

助记：

      in (磋商) +valid (有用的) →无效的

释义和用法：

If an action, procedure, or document is invalid, it cannot be accepted, because it breaks the law or some official rule. 无效的；作废的

举例：The trial was stopped and the results declared invalid.

审判被中止，判决扫尾被晓谕无效。

释义和用法：

      An invalid is someone who needs to be cared for because they have an illness or disability. 病东谈主；软弱者；伤残者

举例：

      I hate being treated as an invalid.

      我敌对被东谈主行为伤病号对待。

invalidate [ɪnˈvælɪdeɪt] vt. 使无效；使站不住脚 14999

助记：

      invalid (无效的；站不住脚的) +ate (动词后缀，使) →使无效；使站不住脚

invaluable [ɪnˈvæljʊ(ə)b(ə)l] adj. 荒谬宝贵的；极其有用的 10315

助记：

      in (加强口吻) +valuable (有价值的，宝贵的) →荒谬宝贵的；极其有用的

释义和用法：

If you describe something as invaluable, you mean that it is extremely useful. 荒谬宝贵的；极为有用的

举例：I was able to gain invaluable experience over that year.

在那一年里我有幸取得了荒谬宝贵的教养。

valor [ˈvælə] n. 果敢；踊跃（便是valour） 18481

助记：

      val (=strong：刚毅的，踊跃的) +or (名词后缀) →踊跃；果敢

释义和用法：

the qualities of a hero or heroine; exceptional or heroic courage when facing danger (especially in battle) 果敢

举例：He received a medal for valor.

他取得了果敢勋章。

valiant [ˈvælɪənt] adj. 果敢的，勇敢的 17095

助记：

      vali (=valor：果敢) +ant (态状词后缀) →果敢的，勇敢的

释义和用法：

A valiant action is very brave and determined, though it may lead to failure or defeat. 勇敢的；已然的；丧胆的

举例：a valiant attempt to keep the business going

为把交易守护下去而作的勇敢尝试

wield [wi:ld] vt. 挥舞；使用；诈欺 7597

助记：

      wiel (=-wal=-val：strong，power：力量) +d (意外念念) → (有劲量去) 挥舞 (火器)，诈欺 (权柄) 

释义和用法：

If you wield a weapon, tool, or piece of equipment, you carry and use it. 使用；挥舞 (火器，器具等) 

If someone wields power, they have it and are able to use it. 掌持；运用；诈欺 (权柄) 

举例：He remains chairman, but wields little power at the company.

他还是主席，但在公司莫得什么实权了。

unwieldy [ʌnˈwi:ldɪ] adj. 粗重的；不灵便的；难处理的 16860

助记：

      un (磋商) +wield (挥舞；操作) +y (此时作念态状词后缀) →不好操作/规章的；肥胖的；粗重的；不聪惠的

释义和用法：

(of an object) difficult to move or control because of its size, shape or weight (东西) 粗重的；低能的；不聪惠的

(of a system or group of people) difficult to control or organize because it is very large or complicated (体制或团体) 难规章 (或主宰，管理) 的；肥胖的；末大不掉的

举例：an unwieldy legal system

一套肥胖的法律体系

高难度词汇：

ambivalent [æmˈbɪv(ə)l(ə)nt] adj. 矛盾方式的；休戚各半的；扭捏不定的10980

词源：

“Simultaneous conflicting feelings,” 1924 (1912 as ambivalency), from German Ambivalenz, coined 1910 by Swiss psychologist Eugen Bleuler on model of German Equivalenz “equivalence,” etc., from Latin ambi- “both, on both sides”(see ambi-)+valentia “strength,” abstract noun from present participle of valere “be strong”(from PIE root *wal- “to be strong”). A psychological term that by 1929 had taken on a broader literary and general sense.

助记：

      ambi (两个) +val (=strength：力量) +ent (态状词后缀) →两股 (方式的) 力量在叛逆→矛盾方式的；休戚各半的；扭捏不定的

释义和用法：

having or showing both good and bad feelings about sb/sth (忧喜各半，横暴各半等) 矛盾方式的

举例：She seems to feel ambivalent about her new job.

她似乎对新职责忧喜各半。

释义和用法：

      If you say that someone is ambivalent about something, they seem to be uncertain whether they really want it, or whether they really approve of it. 扭捏不定的；魂不守宅的

举例：

      He maintained an ambivalent attitude to the Church throughout his long life.

      在他漫长的一世中，他对基督教信仰永恒是一种扭捏不定的魄力。

ambivalence [æmˈbɪv(ə)l(ə)ns; æmˈbɪvəl(ə)ns; æmˈbɪvələns] n. 矛盾方式；休戚各半；扭捏不定 10087

convalesce [ˌkɒnvəˈles] vi. 逐渐康复；规复 33

词源：

“To grow better after sickness, make progress toward the recovery of health,” late 15c., from Latin convalescere “thrive, regain health, begin to grow strong or well,” from assimilated form of com-, here probably an intensive prefix (see com-),+valescere “to begin to grow strong,” inchoative of valere “to be strong”(from PIE root *wal- “to be strong”). Only in Caxton and Scottish writers until 19c. Related: Convalesced; convalescing.

助记：

      con (加强口吻) +val (=strong：变得厚实) +esce (后缀) → (在生病/术后) 渐渐变得厚实起来→逐渐康复；规复

释义和用法：

If you are convalescing, you are resting and getting your health back after an illness or operation. 逐渐康复；病后治愈

举例：After two weeks, I was allowed home, where I convalesced for three months.

两周之后，我获准回家，疗养了3个月之后逐渐康复。

valence [ˈveɪləns] n.（化合）价，原子价 353

助记：

      val (价) +ence→ (化合) 价，原子价

释义和用法：

(chemistry) a property of atoms (原子) or radicals(解放基); their combining power given in terms of the number of hydrogen (氢) atoms (or the equivalent) (化) 化合价

举例：Hydrogen is a one - valence element.

氢是一价的元素。

bivalent [baɪˈveɪlənt] adj. 二价的 29

助记：

      bi (二) +val (价) +ent (态状词后缀) →二价的

multivalent [ˌmʌltɪˈveɪlənt] adj. 多化合价的 96

助记：

      multi (=many：多) +val (价) +ent (态状词后缀) →多价的

polyvalent [ˌpɒliveɪlənt] adj. 多价的；多功能的；多方式的 53

助记：

      poly (多) +val (价) +ent (态状词后缀) →多价的

词源：

Poly-word-forming element meaning “many, much, multi-, one or more,” from Greek poly-, combining form of polys “much”(plural polloi), from PIE root *pele- (1) “to fill,” with derivatives referring to multitudinousness or abundance. Properly used in compounds only with words of Greek origin. In chemical names, usually indicating a compound with a large number of atoms or molecules of the same kind (such as polymer).

释义和用法：

(chemistry) having a valency of 3 or more (化) 多价的

having many different functions or forms (化) 多功能的；多方式的

举例：polyvalent managerial skills

多方面的管理本领

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