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六、词根 -pens，-(s)pend，-(s)pon 暗意“pay：付钱；hang：吊挂”

spend [spend] vt. 破耗；渡过，消磨（时光）；用尽；浪费 343

spender [ˈspendə] n. 挥金如土的东谈主；糜费品者；用钱的东谈主 19858

spending [ˈspendɪŋ] n. 开销；破耗 2358

spent [spent] adj. 耗尽了的；鞍马坚苦的 14463

expense [ɪkˈspens; ek-] n. 开支；消费；升天，代价 2156

助记：

      ex (向外，出去) +pens (钱，付钱) +e→付出去的钱→破耗，开支

搭配：

      at the expense of (考)：以……为代价

写稿例句：

      以丢失诚信为代价来成绩的作念法是不可取的。

      1. The practice of making money at the expense of losing credit is not advisable/favorable/preferable/agreeable.

      2. It is not advisable/favorable/preferable/agreeable to make a profit at the expense of abandoning honesty and integrity.

expenditure [ɪkˈspendɪtʃə; ek-] n. 开销，破耗；经费，消费额 5240

助记：

      ex (出去) +pend (钱) +iture (=ite+ure复合名词后缀) →花出去的钱→开支，支付

搭配：

      public expenditure (考)：各人开支

expend [ɪkˈspend; ek-] vt. 破耗；用光；滥用；耗尽 10905

expendable [ɪkˈspendəb(ə)l] adj. 可消费的；排出的；不访佛使用的；可就义的 19381

expensive [ɪkˈspensɪv] adj. 不菲的；用钱的 1674

inexpensive [ɪnɪkˈspensɪv; ɪnek-] adj. 低廉的 5911

pension [ˈpenʃ(ə)n] n. 津贴；退休金，抚恤金；膳宿费 3818

助记：

      pens (钱) +ion (名词后缀) →待业金，抚恤金 (即：“待业金，抚恤金”指的齐是“钱”) 

搭配：

      pension arrangement (考)：退休金安排，抚恤金安排

compensate [ˈkɒmpenseɪt] vi. 补偿，抵偿；对消 5099

助记：

      com (共同，众人) +pens (钱) +ate (使动词) →使钱发给众人→补偿，抵偿

搭配：

      compensate sb. for sth (考)：为……补偿某东谈主

compensation [kɒmpenˈseɪʃ(ə)n] n. 补偿；抵偿金；酬谢 3833

compensatory [kɒmpenˈseɪtərɪ] adj. 补偿的，抵偿的 14755

dispense [dɪˈspens] vt. 分派，分发；推行；撤职 8502

助记：

      dis (分开) +pens (钱) +e→ 把钱分给不同的东谈主→分派，分发

      dis (表相背) +pens (钱) +e→不需要用钱→撤职，免掉

搭配：

      dispense with (考)：撤职，免却

例句：

      It has enabled the company to dispense with its business premises altogether, following the realization that it just didn’t need them any more.

      在了解到 (费力办公) 再也不需要办公地点之后，该公司完全免去了商用办公地点的开支。

dispenser [dɪˈspensə] n. 自动售货机；自动分发器；分发着；分派者 16538

indispensable [ɪndɪˈspensəb(ə)l] adj. 不可枯竭的；十足必要的 9151

助记：

      in (表抵赖) +dispens (分开) +able (不错，能的) →不行分开的→必不可少的，不可或缺的

搭配：

      be indispensable to sth (考)：对……而言是不可或缺的

（写稿，阅读）例句：

      无人不晓，坚捏是收效的必要要求。

      It is well-known that persistence is the indispensable condition for success.

dispensable [dɪˈspɛnsəbəl] adj. 无可不可的；非必要的 7489

sponsor [ˈspɒnsə] n. 保证东谈主；扶植者；摆布者 3484

助记：

      s (加强口吻) +pon (钱，付钱) +or (表东谈主) →付钱的东谈主，出钱的东谈主→扶植商；扶植 (v.) 

搭配：

      sponsor trade fairs (考)：扶植交易展销会

      corporate sponsors (考)：企业扶植商

sponsored [ˈspɔnsəd] adj. (步履或比赛)为慈善筹款而发起的 15656

sponsorship [ˈspɒnsəʃɪp] n. 保证东谈主的地位；发起；扶植；教父母身份 9495

fee [fi:] n. 用度，酬谢 12711

助记：

      谐音“费”→用度，小费，酬谢

搭配：

      admission fee (考)：入场费，膏火

monetary [ˈmʌnitəri] adj. 钱的，货币的，金融的 7055

助记：

      mone (=money：钱) +t (意外旨) +ary (描述词后缀) →钱的，货币的，金融的

词根“-pend，-pens”除了暗意“钱”外，还不错暗意“挂，悬”

depend [dɪˈpend] vi. 依赖，依靠；确信，相信；取决于 1483

助记：

      de (下) +pend (挂) →挂靠在……之下→依赖，依靠

dependent [dɪˈpɛndənt] adj. 依靠的；附属的；取决于……的 3231

dependable [dɪˈpendəb(ə)l] adj. 可靠的，委果赖的；委果任的 13277

dependence [dɪˈpend(ə)ns] n. 依靠；依赖；相信；信任 5899

interdependence [ˌɪntədɪˈpendəns] n. 相互依赖 12463

interdependent [ɪntədɪˈpendənt] adj. 相互依赖的；融合的 15278

dependency [dɪˈpend(ə)nsɪ] n. 附属；附属物；属国；依赖 8008

释义和用法：

      A dependency is a country which is controlled by another country. 附庸国

      You talk about someone’s dependency when they have a deep emotional, physical, or financial need for a particular person or thing, especially one that you consider excessive or undesirable.

      某东谈主的依赖/瘾/癖指的是对某东谈主或某物有着深脉络的精神、躯壳豪放资金上的需要，尤其被以为是过度的或不想要的。

depending [diˈpendiŋ] v. 依赖；信任（depend的ing样子） 2995

independent [ˌɪndɪˈpendənt] adj. 寂寞的；单独的；不受不停的；无党派的 1271

助记：

      in (表抵赖) +dependent (依赖的) →不依赖的→寂寞的

搭配：

      depend on/upon (考)：依赖……

      be dependent on/upon sb/sth (考)：依赖某东谈主/某物

      Declaration of Independence (考)：《寂寞宣言》

（写稿，阅读）重心：“依赖，依靠”的抒发样子：

      depend on/ rely on/ be dependant on/ live on one’s own/lean on

写稿例句：

      咱们过去风气于依靠父母和老诚，现时咱们要依靠我方。

      We have been used to depending upon/relying on/leaning on our parents and teacher, now we have to be dependant on ourselves/live on our own.

      —How long does a jacket like this last me?

      —It all depends on how often you wear it. (这要看你多长技艺穿一次).

      The future prosperity of a nation depends largely on/to a large extent, the future prosperity of a country relies on (一个国度未来的茂密在很猛经由上有赖于) the quality of education of its people.

      Human behavior is mostly a product of learning， (而动物的步履主要依靠本能) while animal behavior depends largely/mainly on their instinct.

independently [ˌɪndɪˈpend(ə)ntlɪ] adv. 独赶紧；自赶紧 5729

independence [ɪndɪˈpend(ə)ns] n. 寂寞性，自强性；自主 2311

suspend [səˈspend] vt. 减速，推迟；使暂停；使悬浮 vi. 悬浮 3812

助记：

      sus (=sub：下) +pend (挂) →暂时挂 (悬) 一下→暂停；吊挂；使有悬念

搭配：

      suspend oil export (考)：暂停石油出口

例句：

      The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports.

      本周，当伊拉克暂停了石油出口的技艺，油价被又一次推高了。

考题：

      Its parent company, the New York Times Company, has 15 papers, but a loss of $70 million in the nine months to September and recently accepted a $250 million loan from a Mexican billionaire, Carlos Slim, to strengthen its balance sheet.

      A．targeted B．suspended C．suffered D．tolerated

领路：

      原文翻译“它的总公司纽约时报公司忖度着15种报纸，但到9月份舍弃的9个月中，也曾遭遇了7000万好意思元的升天”，故选C；A：对准，主义是；B：中止，撤废；D：哑忍

suspended [səˈspendid] adj. 悬浮的；暂停的，脱期的（宣判） 10175

suspenders [səˈspɛndɚz] n. 吊裤带；裤子背带（suspender的复数） 19485

suspense [səˈspens] n. 悬念；懆急；悬疑；悬而未定 12422

suspension [səˈspenʃ(ə)n] n. 暂停；悬浮；停职 5095

penal [ˈpi:n(ə)l] adj. 刑事的；刑罚的 14196

penalize [ˈpi:nəlaɪz] vt. 处罚；处刑；使不利 11597

penalty [ˈpen(ə)ltɪ] n. 处罚；罚金，罚金 2703

助记：

      pen (=-pen=fine：罚金，料理) +alty (=al+ty：复合名词后缀) →料理，处罚，罚金

搭配：

      death penalty (考)：死刑

punish [ˈpʌnɪʃ] vt. 严厉对待；料理；[口]探求地吃喝 3897

助记：

      pun (= - pen：罚金) +ish (动词后缀) →罚金，料理

写稿例句：

      那些不治服交通规矩，酒后驾车的东谈主最终齐会受到料理。

      Those who do not follow/abide by the traffic laws and drive a car after drinking will be ultimately/finally punished.

punishing [ˈpʌnɪʃɪŋ] adj. 打击千里重的；严厉的；鞍马坚苦的 15043

punishment [ˈpʌnɪʃm(ə)nt] n. 料理；严厉对待，荼毒 3135

penance [ˈpenəns] vt. 使……以苦行赎罪 17414

释义和用法：

      If you do penance for something wrong that you have done, you do something that you find unpleasant to show that you are sorry. 赎罪；悔罪；忏悔

高难度词汇：

append [əˈpend] v. 附加；添加 72

助记：

      ap (=to：去) +pend (挂，悬) → 附加；附庸

释义和用法：When you append something to something else, especially a piece of writing, you attach it or add it to the end of it. 附加；添加附件

appendage [əˈpendɪdʒ] n. 附庸物；附加物 16265

助记：

      append (添加) +age (名词后缀) → 附加物；附件 (attachment) 

释义和用法：An appendage is something that is joined to or connected with something larger or more important. 附件；附庸物

appendix [əˈpendɪks] n. 阑尾；附录 14423

释义和用法：

      1. Your appendix is a small closed tube inside your body that is attached to your digestive system. 阑尾

      2. An appendix to a book is extra information that is placed after the end of the main text. 附录

compendium [kəmˈpendɪəm] n. 摘要；毛糙；汇编 19147

助记：

      com (共同，全部) +pend (悬，挂) +ium (名词后缀) → (主要信息，图片等) 挂在全部，放在全部→摘要；选录；汇编

释义和用法：A compendium is a short but detailed collection of information, usually in a book. 汇编，选录

impend v. 悬在头上；就地要发生（存一火存一火） 3

impending [ɪmˈpendɪŋ] adj. 行将发生的；存一火存一火的；遑急的 8475

An impending event is one that is going to happen very soon. 行将发生的pendant [ˈpend(ə)nt] n. 吊挂物；吊坠 13757

助记：

      pend (悬，挂) +ant (名词后缀) →吊挂物；吊坠

pending [ˈpendɪŋ] adj. 待处理的；未决定的；悬而未决的 12636

助记：

      pend (悬) +ing (描述词后缀) →还莫得处理的；决定的；悬着的；悬而未决的

释义和用法：If something such as a legal procedure is pending, it is waiting to be dealt with or settled. 待处理的

pendulum [ˈpendjʊləm] n. 钟摆；摇锤；扭捏不定的事态 12948

助记：

      pend (悬，挂) +ul (连字符) +um (名词后缀) →钟摆；扭捏不定的事情

释义和用法：The pendulum of a clock is a rod (杆) with a weight at the end which swings (扭捏) from side to side in order to make the clock work. 钟摆

pendular [ˈpɛndjʊlə] adj. 舞动的；钟表式的；扭捏的 6

pendulous [ˈpendjʊləs] adj. 松垂的 145

助记：

      pend (悬，挂，垂) +ul (流畅秀雅) +ous (大，多) →松垂的；轻松的

释义和用法：Something that is pendulous hangs downward and moves loosely, usually in an unattractive way. 悬垂舞动的；松垂的

pensive [ˈpensɪv] adj. 千里念念的，忧郁的；悼念的，哀愁的 19636

助记：

      pens (垂) +ive (描述词后缀) →念念考的；千里念念的；悼念的；忧郁的

释义和用法：If you are pensive, you are thinking deeply about something, especially something that worries you slightly. 千里念念的，忧郁的

penthouse [ˈpenthaʊs] n. 阁楼；顶层公寓，屋顶房间 15080

助记：

      pent (悬，挂) +house (屋子) →顶楼；阁楼；顶层 (豪华) 公寓

释义和用法：A penthouse or a penthouse apartment or suite (套房) is a luxurious apartment or set of rooms at the top of a tall building. 顶层豪华公寓；顶层豪华套间

词源：

Pendize, early 14c., from Anglo-French pentiz, a shortening of Old French apentis “attached building, appendage,” from Medieval Latin appendicium, from Latin appendere “to hang”(see append). Modern spelling is from c. 1530, by folk etymology influence of Middle French pente “slope,” and English house (the meaning at that time was “attached building with a sloping roof or awning”). Originally a simple structure (Middle English homilies describe Jesus’ birthplace in the manger as a “penthouse”); meaning “apartment or small house built on the roof of a skyscraper” first recorded 1921, from which time dates its association with luxury.

perpendicular [ˌpɜ:p(ə)nˈdɪkjʊlə] adj. 垂直的；馈遗的；笔陡的 14364

助记：

      per (透顶) +pend (垂) +icular (复合描述词后缀) →垂直的；馈遗的；笔陡的

释义和用法：A perpendicular line or surface points straight up, rather than being sloping or horizontal. 垂直的

propensity [prəˈpensɪtɪ] n.（当然；先天的）倾向，习性；癖好，偏疼 11188

释义和用法：A propensity to do something or a propensity for something is a natural tendency to behave in a particular way. (步履) 倾向

助记：

      pro (上前) +pens (悬，挂) +ity (名词) →偏疼；癖好；倾向

penchant [ˈpentʃənt] n. 嗜好；倾向 11728

助记：

      pench (悬，挂) +ant→挂在热枕的东西 (即：嗜好，防卫的东西) →嗜好；倾向

释义和用法：If someone has a penchant for something, they have a special liking for it or a tendency (倾向) to do it. 相配的喜好

spider [ˈspaɪdə] n. 蜘蛛 5627

助记s (加强口吻) +pid (=pend：挂) +er (物) ；另外spid在师法单词spin：织；织布；→一种挂着不错织网的动物→蜘蛛

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